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LNER Class U1
The London and North Eastern Railway Class U1 was a solitary 2-8-0+0-8-2 Beyer-Garratt locomotive designed for banking coal trains over the Worsborough Bank, a steeply graded line in South Yorkshire and part of the Woodhead Route. It was both the longest and the most powerful steam locomotive ever to run in Britain. It was built in 1925 with the motion at each end being based on an existing 2-8-0 design. The original number was 2395, and it was renumbered 9999 in March 1946, and then 69999 after nationalisation in 1948, although it retained its cab-side plate bearing its original number throughout its life. The locomotive ran for some time as an oil burner, and was tried out on the Lickey Incline in 1949–1950 and again, after the electrification of its home line, in 1955. These trials were unsuccessful, and so the locomotive was withdrawn in 1955 and scrapped.
==Origins==
The Worsborough bank, sometimes referred to as the Worsborough Incline, was a steep bank on the Great Central Railway (GCR) freight line from Wath to Penistone, climbing for at a nominal gradient of 1 in 40 (2.5 %) (although, colliery subsidence created a significant variation in this). The main traffic on the line was loaded trains carrying coal from the South Yorkshire coalfields to Lancashire. The GCR had considered several options for banking these heavy trains, including one based on a design by Kitson & Co. for a locomotive carrying out similar duties in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). This idea had been discarded due to the restricted loading gauge, and thought had turned to an articulated Garratt locomotive based on 2 GCR 8K 2-8-0s (LNER Class O4) with a specially designed large boiler, but no move had been made to build such a locomotive when, in 1923 grouping, the GCR was absorbed into the LNER, and responsibility for locomotive design passed to the Chief Mechanical Engineer of the newly formed railway, Nigel Gresley.
The design proposed by Nigel Gresley for a locomotive to bank heavy coal trains up the Worsborough bank was for a 2-8-0+0-8-2 Garratt locomotive based on two GNR O2 2-8-0s, but with 3 cylinders and utilising Gresley's unique derived motion for the inside cylinder. Beyer, Peacock of Manchester tendered £21,000 for the construction of two such locomotives, although the order was subsequently amended to just a single loco〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work = www.thewoodheadsite.org.uk )〕 which was delivered in summer 1925 at a cost of £14,895. The loco, works number 6209, took just three weeks from laying the frames to completion and was hurriedly sent, still in workshop grey, to appear in the centenary celebration of the Stockton & Darlington Railway where it was exhibit number 42. It was then finished in LNER black livery and was officially accepted into LNER stock in August 1925.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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